Impact of Alcohol During Pregnancy
Why Prenatal Exposure Occurs
Understanding why prenatal exposure occurs is important — and it's rarely simple. Common reasons include:
Not knowing they are pregnant (most people don't know for at least 6 weeks)
Unplanned pregnancy (nearly half of all pregnancies)
Misinformation or conflicting advice from healthcare providers
Substance use disorders or addiction
Mental or physical health conditions
Cultural norms and differences
Limited access to prenatal care
Whether you are currently pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or supporting someone who is — understanding the impact of alcohol is an important step. There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy, and all types of alcohol carry risk to fetal development (CDC , American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, March of Dimes, U.S. Surgeon General)
Common Questions About Alcohol and Pregnancy
"My doctor said a glass of wine is fine."
Medical guidance on this topic has evolved significantly over time. The current consensus from all major medical organizations is that no amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy.
"My friends drank during pregnancy and their children are fine."
Every pregnancy is different. Not everyone who drinks during pregnancy will have a child with measurable effects — but the risk is real and varies from pregnancy to pregnancy. Early support and appropriate services can make a meaningful difference for children and families.
"There is no evidence of developmental impact from just one drink."
Research has shown that even small amounts of alcohol can affect critical molecules involved in brain development. Because every pregnancy is different, there is no established threshold that is considered safe.
"Only frequent alcohol use will have an impact ."
Drinking any amount of alcohol can potentially affect development. The pattern and amount of drinking may increase risks, but there is no established safe amount.
"Alcohol can only cause physical effects."
Over 85% of people with characteristics from prenatal alcohol exposure have no visible physical differences — effects are most often cognitive and behavioral. With early identification and the right supports, many individuals with FASD lead fulfilling lives.
If You Need Support
If you or someone you know is pregnant and needs support with alcohol use, you are not alone — and compassionate help is available.
Call IHR – Institute for Health and Recovery: 617.661.3991
NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator — find accredited treatment resources in your area
SAMHSA Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator — locate behavioral health treatment services near you
Recovering Mothers Anonymous — a virtual 12-step recovery network for women
FASD United — Expectant Parents — science-based facts, personal perspectives, and resources
Partners, family, and friends also play an important role — by understanding the risks, encouraging healthy behaviors, and minimizing or abstaining from alcohol themselves in support of the expectant parent.